用微機(jī)數(shù)控系統(tǒng)改造C6132型車床設(shè)計(jì)
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00333-用微機(jī)數(shù)控系統(tǒng)改造C6132型車床設(shè)計(jì).rar
摘 要
數(shù)控機(jī)床在機(jī)械加工行業(yè)中的應(yīng)用越來越廣泛。數(shù)控機(jī)床的發(fā)展，一方面是全功能、高性能；另一方面是簡單實(shí)用的經(jīng)濟(jì)型數(shù)控機(jī)床，具有自動(dòng)加工的基本功能，操作維修方便。經(jīng)濟(jì)型數(shù)控系統(tǒng)通常用的是開環(huán)步進(jìn)控制系統(tǒng)，功率步進(jìn)電機(jī)為驅(qū)動(dòng)元件，結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，系統(tǒng)的定位精度較高。普通車床刀架的縱向和橫向進(jìn)給運(yùn)動(dòng)是由主軸回轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)經(jīng)掛輪傳遞而來，通過進(jìn)給箱變速后，由光桿或絲桿帶動(dòng)縱溜板、橫溜板的移動(dòng)。進(jìn)給參數(shù)要靠手工預(yù)先調(diào)整好，改變參數(shù)時(shí)要停車進(jìn)行操作，刀架的縱向進(jìn)給運(yùn)動(dòng)和橫向進(jìn)給運(yùn)動(dòng)不能聯(lián)動(dòng)，切削次序也由人工控制。
對(duì)普通車床進(jìn)行數(shù)控化改造，主要是將縱向和橫向進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)改造成為微機(jī)控制的，能獨(dú)立運(yùn)動(dòng)的進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)，刀架改造為能自動(dòng)換刀的回轉(zhuǎn)刀架。這樣，利用數(shù)控裝置，車床就可以按預(yù)先輸入的加工指令進(jìn)行切削加工。由于切削過程中切削參數(shù)，切削次序和刀具都會(huì)按程序自動(dòng)運(yùn)行，調(diào)節(jié)和更換，再加上縱向和橫向聯(lián)動(dòng)的功能，數(shù)控改裝后的車床就可以加工出各種形狀復(fù)查的回轉(zhuǎn)零件，并能實(shí)現(xiàn)多工序自動(dòng)加工車削，從而提高了生產(chǎn)效率和加工精度，也能適合小批量多品種復(fù)查零件的加工。
C6132車床改造屬于經(jīng)濟(jì)型數(shù)控車床的改造，主要針對(duì)進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行數(shù)控化改造，利用數(shù)控系統(tǒng)對(duì)縱、橫向進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行開環(huán)控制，驅(qū)動(dòng)元件采用步進(jìn)電動(dòng)機(jī)，車床通過步進(jìn)電動(dòng)機(jī)帶動(dòng)滾珠絲杠轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。
關(guān)鍵詞：微機(jī)控制；伺服系統(tǒng)；回轉(zhuǎn)刀架；自動(dòng)車削
ABSTRACT
The numerical control engine bed is more and more widespread in machine-finishing profession application. Numerical control engine bed development, on the one hand is the entire function, the high performance; On the other hand is the simple practical economy numerical control engine bed, has the automatic processing the basic function, the operation service is convenient. The economy numerical control system passes commonly used is the split-ring step-by-steps the control system, the power step-by-steps the electrical machinery for to actuate the part, does not have the examination feedback organization, the system pointing accuracy is high. Knife rest vertical to enter, give sport and horizontal to stock for sport to can be linked, cut order by artificial control even.Carry on the numerical control transformation to the ordinary lathe. Mainly vertical and horizontal enter give system transform into by what computer control.The knife rest is transformed into the gyration knife rest that can be changed one hundred sheets automatically. Introduces the engine bed the microcomputer numerical control system the transformation to be possible to enhance the engine bed the operational performance,Reduces the production cost,Obtains the high economic efficiency with the few funds investmentTake the C6132 lathe numerical control transformation as the example,In line with are as far as possible few to the lathe modification,Control section anti-jamming,Transformation cost low principle,Carries on the numerical control transformation to the lathe.
Lathe for the NC transformation is mainly vertical and horizontal feed system into a computer-controlled, The independence movement can feed system can transform Tool Automatic Tool Change of Rotary Tool. Thus, the use of NC devices, lathe can be imported at a pre-processing machining instructions. As the cutting process of cutting parameters, priorities and cutting tool will automatically by operation, regulation and replacement, coupled with the vertical and horizontal linkage functions, CNC lathe after the conversion can be processed into various shapes review the rotating parts, and multiple processes can be automatically processed turning, thus enhancing the efficiency of production and processing accuracy, also suitable for small batch multiple types of review parts of the processing.
C6132 lathe belongs to economic numerical control lathes transformation of transformation, mainly in the numerical control system by using nc system transformation, of transverse and longitudinal feeding system, open loop control by stepping motor driver components, lathe, through the stepper motor driving ball screw rotation.
Key words：the computer controls; servo system; turn the knife rest round; automatic turning
目 錄
1 前 言 1
2 設(shè)計(jì)方案 3
2.1 總體方案的確定 3
2.1.1 系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)動(dòng)方式與伺服系統(tǒng)的選擇 3
2.1.2 計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng) 3
2.1.3 機(jī)械傳動(dòng)方式 3
2.2 系統(tǒng)運(yùn)動(dòng)方式的確定 3
2.3 伺服系統(tǒng)的選擇 3
2.4 執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)傳動(dòng)方式的確定 4
2.5 計(jì)算機(jī)的選擇 4
2.6 總體方案框圖繪制 4
3 橫向進(jìn)給伺服系統(tǒng)機(jī)械部分計(jì)算與校核 5
3.1 計(jì)算切削力 5
3.2 滾珠絲桿螺母副的設(shè)計(jì)、計(jì)算、選型 5
3.2.1 計(jì)算進(jìn)給牽引力 5
3.2.2 計(jì)算最大動(dòng)負(fù)載C 6
3.2.3 滾珠絲桿螺母副的選型 6
3.2.4 傳動(dòng)效率計(jì)算 7
3.2.5 剛度驗(yàn)算 7
3.2.6 穩(wěn)定性校核 8
3.2.7 橫向滾珠絲桿副的幾何參數(shù) 9
3.3 齒輪傳動(dòng)比計(jì)算 10
3.4 橫向步進(jìn)電機(jī)計(jì)算和選型 11
3.4.1 初選步進(jìn)電機(jī) 11
3.4.2 校核步進(jìn)電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)矩 12
3.5 橫向進(jìn)給伺服系統(tǒng)機(jī)械部分結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 17
3.5.1 橫向進(jìn)給伺服系統(tǒng)總圖設(shè)計(jì) 17
3.5.2 進(jìn)給伺服系統(tǒng)的裝配圖 18
4 縱向進(jìn)給伺服系統(tǒng)機(jī)械部分計(jì)算與校核 20
4.1 計(jì)算切削 20
4.2 滾珠絲桿螺母副的計(jì)算和造型 20
4.2.1 計(jì)算進(jìn)給牽引力 20
4.2.2計(jì)算最大動(dòng)負(fù)載C 21
4.2.3 滾珠絲桿螺母副的選型 21
4.2.4 傳功效率計(jì)算： 21
4.2.5 剛度驗(yàn)算 22
4.2.6 穩(wěn)定性校核 23
4.2.7縱向滾珠絲桿副幾何參數(shù) 23
4.3 齒輪傳動(dòng)比計(jì)算 24
4.3.1 進(jìn)給齒輪箱傳比計(jì)算 24
4.4 步進(jìn)進(jìn)電機(jī)的計(jì)算和選型 25
4.4.1 初選步進(jìn)電機(jī) 25
4.4.2 校核步進(jìn)電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)矩 27
4.5 縱向進(jìn)給伺服系統(tǒng)機(jī)械部分結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 31
4.5.1 縱向進(jìn)給伺服系統(tǒng)總圖設(shè)計(jì) 32
4.5.2進(jìn)給伺服系統(tǒng)的裝配圖 32
5 微機(jī)數(shù)控系統(tǒng)硬件電路的設(shè)計(jì) 34
5.1硬件電路一般要求 34
5.2控制系統(tǒng)的組成及功能 34
5.2.1 CPU、存儲(chǔ)器、I/O接口電路擴(kuò)展 34
5.2.2控制系統(tǒng)的功能 36
5.3步進(jìn)電機(jī)控制電路 36
5.3.1步進(jìn)電機(jī)開環(huán)驅(qū)動(dòng)原理 36
5.3.2脈沖分配 37
5.3.3驅(qū)動(dòng)電路 37
5.3.4其他輔助電路 38
6 微機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)的軟件設(shè)計(jì) 39
6.1 監(jiān)控程序 39
6.2 直線圓弧插補(bǔ)程序設(shè)計(jì) 39
6.3升降速處理軟件 41
6. 4步進(jìn)電機(jī)的軟件控制及轉(zhuǎn)程序設(shè)計(jì) 43
7 機(jī)床的加工程序編制 46
致 謝 49
參考文獻(xiàn) 50
附 錄 51 ...
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