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精密深孔加工扭振裝置設計

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更新時間：2015-12-30
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摘要
振動鉆削是振動切削的一個分支,它與普通鉆削的區別在于鉆孔過程中通過振動裝置使鉆頭與工件之間產生可控的相對運動。振動方式主要有三種,即軸向振動(振動方向與鉆頭軸線方向相同)、扭轉振動(振動方向與鉆頭旋轉方向相同)和復合振動(軸向振動與扭轉振動迭加)。其中,軸向振動易于實現,工藝效果良好,在振動鉆削中占主導地位。振動的激勵方式主要有超聲波振動、機械振動、液壓振動和電磁振動。其中,超聲波振動的頻率通常在16ｋＨｚ以上,所以也稱為高頻振動鉆削;其它三種振動方式的頻率一般為幾百赫茲,故稱為低頻振動鉆削。振動鉆削改變了傳統鉆削的切削機理。在振動鉆削過程中,當主切削刃與工件不分離(不分離型振動鉆削)時,切削速度、切削方向等參數產生周期性變化;當主切削刃與工件時切時離(分離型振動鉆削)時,切削過程變成脈沖式的斷續切削。當振動參數(振動頻率和振幅)、進給量、主軸轉速等選擇合理時,可明顯提高鉆入定位精度及孔的尺寸精度、圓度和表面質量,減小出口毛刺,降低切削力和切削溫度,延長鉆頭壽命。振動鉆削良好的工藝效果已引起國內外研究者的普遍關注。

關鍵詞：振動鉆削；電機；帶傳動；偏心軸；主軸
ABSTRACT

Vibration drilling is a branch of vibratory cutting, and it is the difference between ordinary drilling borehole process through the vibrating device bit with workpiece occurs between the relative motion of controllable. There are three main vibration mode, namely axial vibration (vibration direction and drill axis torsional vibration (same), with bits direction of vibration rotation direction the same) and complex vibration (axial vibration and torsional vibration superposition). Among them, the axial vibration easy to realize and good results, in process of vibration drilling dominant. The incentive ways mainly have the vibration ultrasonic vibration, mechanical vibration, hydraulic vibration and electromagnetic vibration. Among them, the ultrasonic vibration frequency usually 16kHz above, so in high frequency vibration drilling, also called; The other three vibration mode frequency general for hundreds of Hertz so called the low frequency vibration drilling. Vibration drilling has changed the traditional drilling cutting mechanism. In vibration drilling process, when the main cutting edge with workpiece are not isolated (not separated type vibration drilling), cutting speed, cutting parameters such as periodic changes direction produced; When the Lord when the cutting edges and workpiece when separated type cut from (vibration drilling), cutting process into pulsing concentres cutting. When the vibration parameters (vibration frequency and amplitude), feeding, reasonable selection of spindle speed etc, can obviously increase the penetration positioning accuracy and pore size precision, roundness and surface quality and reduce export burr, reduce the temperature of cutting force and cutting, prolong drill life. Good vibration drilling process effect by the domestic and international researchers already popular attention.

Key words： vibration drilling； motor； Belt transmission； Eccentric shaft； spindle
目錄

1 緒論 1
1.1 振動鉆削技術的發展歷史 2
1.2 振動鉆削的機理 1
2 裝置設計 4
2.1 裝置總體方案 4
2.2 電機的選擇 6
2.3 帶傳動設計 8
2.4 偏心軸及其附件設計 12
2.5 主軸及其附件設計 18
2.6 底板設計 23
參考文獻 24
致謝 25
附錄
...

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