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沖壓模具畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)英文原文和漢語翻譯
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- 沖壓模具畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)英文原文和漢語翻譯
Heat Treatment of Die and Mould Oriented Concurrent Design
LI Xiong,ZHANG Hong-bing,RUAN Xue—yu,LUO Zhong—hua,ZHANG Yan
Abstract:
Many disadvantages exist in the traditional die design method which belongs to serial pattern. It is well known that heat treatment is highly important to the dies. A new idea of concurrent design for heat treatment process of die and mould was developed in order to overcome the existent shortcomings of heat treatment process. Heat treatment CAD/CAE was integrated with concurrent circumstance and the relevant model was built. These investigations can remarkably improve efficiency, reduce cost and ensure quality of R and D for products.
Key words:die design; heat treatment; mould
Traditional die and mould design,mainly by experience or semi—experience，is isolated from manufacturing process.Before the design is finalized，the scheme of die and mould is usually modified time and again，thus some disadvantages come into being,such as long development period,high cost and uncertain practical effect.Due to strong desires for precision,service life,development period and cost,modern die and mould should be designed and manufactured perfectly.Therefore more and more advanced technologies and innovations have been applied,for example,concurrent engineering,agile manufacturing virtual manufacturing,collaborative design,etc.
Heat treatment of die and mould is as important as design,manufacture and assembly because it has a vital effect on manufacture，assembly and service life．Design and manufacture of die and mould have progressed rapidly，but heat treatment lagged seriously behind them．As die and mould industry develops，heat treatment must ensure die and mould there are good state of manufacture，assembly and wear—resistant properties by request. Impertinent heat treatment can influence die and mould manufacturing such as over—hard and—soft and assembly．Traditionally the heat treatment process was made out according to the methods and properties brought forward by designer．This could make the designers of die and mould and heat treatment diverge from each other，for the designers of die and mould could not fully realize heat treatment process and materials properties，and contrarily the designers rarely understood the service environment and designing thought. These divergences will impact the progress of die and mould to a great extent. Accordingly，if the process design of heat treatment is considered in the early designing stage，the aims of shortening development period，reducing cost and stabilizing quality will be achieved and the sublimation of development pattern from serial to concurrent will be realized．
Concurrent engineering takes computer integration system as a carrier,at the very start subsequent each stage and factors have been considered such as manufacturing，heat treating，properties and so forth in order to avoid the error．The concurrent pattern has dismissed the defect of serial pattern,which bring about a revolution against serial pattern．
In the present work．the heat treatment was integrated into the concurrent circumstance of the die and mould development，and the systemic and profound research was performed．
1 Heat Treatment Under Concurrent Circumstance
The concurrent pattern differs ultimately from the serial pattern(see Fig．1).With regard to serial pattern，the designers mostly consider the structure and function of die and mould，yet hardly consider the consequent process，so that the former mistakes are easily spread backwards．Meanwhile，the design department rarely communicates with the assembling，cost accounting and sales departments．These problems certainly will influence the development progress of die and mould and the market foreground．Whereas in the concurrent pattern，the relations among departments are close，the related departments all take part in the development progress of die and mould and have close intercommunion with purchasers．This is propitious to elimination of the conflicts between departments，increase the efficiency and reduce the cost．
Heat treatment process in the concurrent circumstance is made out not after blueprint and workpiece taken but during die and mould designing．In this way，it is favorable to optimizing the heat treatment process and making full use of the potential of the materials．
2 Integration of Heat Treatment CAD／CAE for Die and Mould
It can be seen from Fig．2 that the process design and simulation of heat treatment are the core of integration frame．After information input via product design module and heat treatment process generated via heat treatment CAD and heat treatment CAE module will automatically divide the mesh for parts drawing，simulation temperature field microstructure analysis after heat—treatment and the defect of possible emerging (such as overheat,over burning)，and then the heat treatment process is judged if the optimization is made according to the result reappeared by stereoscopic vision technology．Moreover tool and clamping apparatus CAD and CAM are integrated into this system．
摘要：
在一系列方式中，傳統(tǒng)模具設(shè)計(jì)方法存在許多缺點(diǎn)。眾所周知,熱處理對模具起著非常重要的作用。為了克服模具熱處理工藝存在的缺點(diǎn)，一種新的模具熱處理工藝并行設(shè)計(jì)方法已經(jīng)被開發(fā)出來了。熱處理CAD/CAE技術(shù)是集成了并行環(huán)境和有關(guān)模型而建立的。這些調(diào)查研究可以顯著提高效率，降低成本，并保證產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量達(dá)到R和D級。
關(guān)鍵詞：模具設(shè)計(jì)；熱處理；模具
傳統(tǒng)模具設(shè)計(jì)主要是依照自身實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)或依照部分實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)，而不是制造工藝。在設(shè)計(jì)完成之前，模具方案通常要被一次又一次的改進(jìn)，于是有些缺點(diǎn)便出現(xiàn)，例如開發(fā)時(shí)期長，成本高和實(shí)際效果不明顯。由于對精確性、使用壽命、開發(fā)期和費(fèi)用的嚴(yán)格要求，先進(jìn)的模具要求設(shè)計(jì)和制造得十分完善。因此越來越先進(jìn)的技術(shù)和創(chuàng)新方法被應(yīng)用其中，例如并行工程、敏捷制造業(yè)、虛擬制造業(yè)、協(xié)同合作設(shè)計(jì)等。
模具的熱處理與模具設(shè)計(jì)，制造和裝配同樣重要。因?yàn)樗鼘δ＞叩闹圃煅b配和使用壽命又及其重要的影響。模具設(shè)計(jì)與制造發(fā)展十分迅速，但是熱處理發(fā)展卻嚴(yán)重滯后它們。隨著模具工業(yè)的發(fā)展，熱處理必須保證模具有良好的制造裝配和磨損耐熱性能。不切實(shí)際的熱處理將導(dǎo)致模具材料過硬或過軟，同時(shí)影響模具裝配性能。傳統(tǒng)的熱處理工藝是按照設(shè)計(jì)師提出的方法和特性制作出來的。這樣會(huì)使模具設(shè)計(jì)師和熱處理工藝師意見產(chǎn)生分歧，而模具設(shè)計(jì)師卻不能充分地了解熱處理工藝和材料的性能，相反熱處理工藝師卻很少了解模具的使用環(huán)境和設(shè)計(jì)思路。這些分歧將在很大程度上影響模具的發(fā)展。因此，如果把熱處理工藝設(shè)計(jì)放在設(shè)計(jì)階段之前，則縮短開發(fā)周期，減少花費(fèi)和保證質(zhì)量等目標(biāo)將會(huì)被考慮，而且從串行到并行的發(fā)展模式也將會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)。
并行工程是以計(jì)算機(jī)集成系統(tǒng)作為載體，在開始以后，每個(gè)階段和因素都被看作如制造、熱處理、性能等等，以避免出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤。并行模式已經(jīng)摒除了串行模式的缺陷，由此帶來了一場對串行模式的革命。
在當(dāng)前的工作中，熱處理被集成到了模具開發(fā)的并行環(huán)境中，同時(shí)也正在進(jìn)行這種系統(tǒng)性和深入性的研究。
1.熱處理下的并行環(huán)境
并行模式與串行模式存在根本的不同（見圖1）。對于串行模式，設(shè)計(jì)者大多考慮的是模具的結(jié)構(gòu)與功能，但很難考慮相關(guān)的工藝，以致前者的錯(cuò)誤很容易蔓延到后面。與此同時(shí)，設(shè)計(jì)本門很少與裝配，預(yù)算會(huì)計(jì)和銷售部門溝通。這些問題當(dāng)然會(huì)影響模具的開發(fā)進(jìn)度和市場前景。然而在并行模式中，不但以上部門關(guān)系聯(lián)系密切，所有參加模具開發(fā)的部門都與買家有密切的交流。這有助于協(xié)調(diào)各部門消除矛盾，提高工作效率，同時(shí)降低成本。
(a)串行模式 （b）并行模式
圖1.基于摸具開發(fā)的串行工程與并行工程系統(tǒng)框架示意圖
并行環(huán)境下的熱處理工藝不是在方案和工件確定以后，而是在模具設(shè)計(jì)的時(shí)候制定出來的。這樣的話，將有利于優(yōu)化熱處理工藝，充分利用材料。
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